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Высокая Культура, недоступная украинцам.
Mar. 13th, 2013 12:02 am![[identity profile]](https://www.dreamwidth.org/img/silk/identity/openid.png){kind=small}
royal-guardian.livejournal.com"The court, but also the prospering commercial towns, and above all Seville, which was one of the largest cities in the world with almost 130,000 inhabitants in the 16th century, also played key roles as clients for artists and architects, whose work had an influence that reached far beyond the Spanish crown's sphere of power. Many were foreigners themselves, some of whom settled permanently in Spain, among them the Greek Dominikos Theotokopoulos (1541–1614), better known as El Greco . Others, among them Titian (1477–1576) , Anthonis Mor (1517– ca. 1577) and Peter Paul Rubens (1577–1640) , only came when commissioned. Even the native Spaniards among the leading artists and architects of their time, such as Alonso Sánchez Coello (1515–1590) , Diego de Velázquez (1599–1660) , Pedro Machuca (1490–1550) and Juan Bautista de Toledo (died 1567) , were open to influences from other European regions, especially from Italy and the Netherlands, or were trained there. The art historian Jonathan Brown took a step further when he pronounced: "Spain dominated the politics of Europe, only to be dominated itself by the cultures of Italy and Flanders". Sponsored by the lavish patronage of the court, the rural and urban nobility and the Church, Spain in the 16th and 17th centuries became a melting pot of art styles of varying provenance, from which it also developed its own art forms that, in turn, had an influence on the rest of Europe, such as the Hispanic Baroque on both sides of the Atlantic.
This applies to both the visual arts and architecture. Thus, influences of the Italian Renaissance mingled with Gothic-Moorish traditions in the Spanish architecture of the 16th century. By contrast, the monumental monastic palace El Escorial, built under Philip II between 1563 and 1584, appears unique and in a manner of speaking detached from the development of art and building styles on the Iberian peninsula. With its strict symmetry and its huge size it appears even today like an abstract idea made real in stone. Although the Escorial palace was already marvelled at as the Eighth Wonder of the World by contemporaries, it never had as huge an effect on European palatial architecture as did Versailles, which was built about a century later. And even the Escorial is by no means a uniquely Spanish creation: The original plans were created by Juan Bautista de Toledo (died 1567), who was trained in Rome and Naples. Philip exclusively hired Italian artists for certain parts of the interior design, such as the grave monuments of the royal family in the basilica and the paintings in the library. Likewise, the pleasure palace of Aranjuez, built under Charles V, was inspired by an Italian palace, the residence of the Dukes of Mantua in Marmirolo. Italian models also gave birth to the Buen Retiro palace in Madrid, which was built by Philip IV (1605–1665) between 1630 and 1640."
Как мы видим, сплошные заимствования. Итальянские архитектуры и голландские художники, и свои же испанцы, обучавшиеся в Неаполях и Римах. Да, испанская культура получила сильное внешнее влияние и стала великой, благодаря, обучению у иностранцев, соединив лучшее, а также создав свое на основе. Поэтому испанская культура часть европейской культуры. Зато, у украинцев есть Тараска Шевченко и Леся Украинка, вышиванка и горилка. Куда там испанским неумехам. Ой, и Тараска то и Леська и те к украинской культуре не имеют отноешние, ахахаха
This applies to both the visual arts and architecture. Thus, influences of the Italian Renaissance mingled with Gothic-Moorish traditions in the Spanish architecture of the 16th century. By contrast, the monumental monastic palace El Escorial, built under Philip II between 1563 and 1584, appears unique and in a manner of speaking detached from the development of art and building styles on the Iberian peninsula. With its strict symmetry and its huge size it appears even today like an abstract idea made real in stone. Although the Escorial palace was already marvelled at as the Eighth Wonder of the World by contemporaries, it never had as huge an effect on European palatial architecture as did Versailles, which was built about a century later. And even the Escorial is by no means a uniquely Spanish creation: The original plans were created by Juan Bautista de Toledo (died 1567), who was trained in Rome and Naples. Philip exclusively hired Italian artists for certain parts of the interior design, such as the grave monuments of the royal family in the basilica and the paintings in the library. Likewise, the pleasure palace of Aranjuez, built under Charles V, was inspired by an Italian palace, the residence of the Dukes of Mantua in Marmirolo. Italian models also gave birth to the Buen Retiro palace in Madrid, which was built by Philip IV (1605–1665) between 1630 and 1640."
Как мы видим, сплошные заимствования. Итальянские архитектуры и голландские художники, и свои же испанцы, обучавшиеся в Неаполях и Римах. Да, испанская культура получила сильное внешнее влияние и стала великой, благодаря, обучению у иностранцев, соединив лучшее, а также создав свое на основе. Поэтому испанская культура часть европейской культуры. Зато, у украинцев есть Тараска Шевченко и Леся Украинка, вышиванка и горилка. Куда там испанским неумехам. Ой, и Тараска то и Леська и те к украинской культуре не имеют отноешние, ахахаха
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